ABSTRACT
Background: It has been a very common practice to use probiotics or their metabolites as alternative antimicrobial strategies for the treatment and prevention of infections as rampant and indiscriminate use of antibiotics causes the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The objective of this study was to select a potential antimicrobial probiotic strain of Escherichia coli from the human gastrointestinal tract and investigate the production of diketopiperazines that contribute to the antimicrobial activity. Results: E. coli GutM4 was isolated from the feces of a healthy adult. E. coli GutM4 showed significant antagonistic activity against 10 indicator pathogens, and this activity was no less than that of the reference strain E. coli Nissle 1917 against eight of the indicator pathogens. Moreover, E. coli GutM4 produced antagonistic substances containing trypsin-targeted peptide bonds because the inhibitory effects of E. coli GutM4 supernatant significantly decreased upon treatment with trypsin. Consistent with the antagonistic activity and peptide compounds of E. coli GutM4, 14 2,5-diketopiperazines were isolated from the fermented broth of E. coli GutM4, including 12 cyclo(Pro-Phe), 3 cyclo(Pro-Tyr), and 5 cyclo(4-hydroxyl-Pro-Leu), which are reported to have antipathogenic activity. Conclusion: E. coli GutM4 produces 2,5-diketopiperazines that are partly involved in antagonistic action against human pathogens in vitro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Probiotics/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Diketopiperazines/pharmacology , Peptides , Bacteria/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Candida albicans/drug effects , Probiotics/metabolism , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Diketopiperazines/metabolism , Feces/microbiology , Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeABSTRACT
Se presenta una breve revisión de los antisépticos y desinfectantes más comunes, su utilidad, la forma de aplicarlos y de almacenamiento en los distintos servicios hospitalarios. Además se incluye el manejo, limpieza y aseo de las distintas áreas clínicas.
The present manuscript introduces a short revision of most commonly antiseptic and disinfectant used in health services, includes its utility, way to use and storage. Furthermore adds the management and cleaning of the multiple clinical areas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Antisepsis/standards , Hospitals/standards , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Materials Management, Hospital , Disinfection , Disinfectants/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Introdução: As doenças onco-hematológicas e sua terapêuticaatingem a medula óssea provocando muitas vezes um estado depancitopenia, especialmente uma redução granulocítica, o que expõeo paciente a um risco aumentado de desenvolver infecções. Aorientação do doente e da família é fundamental para minimizarcomplicações e permitir uma atuação precoce da equipe de saúde.Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos pacientes onco-hematológicosem tratamento quimioterápico internados na Unidadede Hematologia do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal acerca doscuidados para prevenção de infecção.Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quali-quantitativa,realizada de setembro a outubro de 2012 através de entrevista, seguindoroteiro semi-estruturado, com pacientes onco-hematológicosinternados em vigência de tratamento quimioterápico e em programade alta hospitalar. As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicasforam demonstradas através de análise estatística. Análise qualitativados discursos se deu através da análise temática.Resultados: Dos 15 sujeitos entrevistados 8 (53,3%) eram mulherese 7 (46,7%) homens com média de idade de 47 anos (DP=17,1). Odiagnóstico prevalente foi o das leucemias agudas (60%). Apenas5 pacientes referiram já terem sido orientados por profissionais desaúde acerca dos cuidados para prevenção de infecções. Das entrevistasemergiram três categorias: 1) Cuidados para prevenção deinfecção; 2) Causas da suscetibilidade a infecções e 3) Conceitosimprecisos.Conclusão: Em sua maioria, os pacientes onco-hematológicos nãopossuem informações adequadas e suficientes acerca dos cuidadosnecessários para prevenção de infecções, bem como acerca dosmotivos que os deixam mais expostos a essa complicação.
Introduction: Oncohematologic diseases and their therapeuticsmay harm the bone marrow, causing pancytopenia, especially disgranulopoiesis,which exposes the patient to a higher risk of infections.The patients and their familys education is essential to minimizecomplications and to enable the health care staff to act timely.Objectives: To identify the knowledge of oncohematologic patientson chemotherapy staying at the Hematology Unit at Hospitalde Base, in the Brazilian Federal District, regarding the necessarycare for the prevention of infections.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from Septemberto October, 2012 which was based on a mixed-method approach.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with oncohematologicpatients on chemotherapy and on hospital release programs. Sociodemographicand clinic variables were presented through statisticalanalysis. The qualitative analysis of the discourses was madethrough a thematic analysis.Results: Among the 15 subjects, 8 (53,3%) were women and 7(46,7%) were men averagely aged 47 (DP=17,1). The prevalent diagnosiswas acute leukemia (60%). Only 5 patients reported havingbeen instructed by health professionals. The interviews made itpossible to define three categories: 1) care for the prevention of infections;2) causes of the susceptibility to infections; and 3) impreciseconcepts.Conclusion: Most of the oncohematologic patients are not adequatelyinformed about the necessary care for the prevention of infections,as well as the reasons that make them more susceptible to thiscomplication.